The book is meant to be useful for elt students of different. Second language acquisition research methods springerlink. Updating the interlanguage hypothesis volume 3 issue 2 larry selinker, john t. Gasss illustration of input in second language acquisition was brought forth in. These studies have revealed that both first and second language learners follow a pattern of development, which is mainly followed despite. As teachers of second language learners, we must have a basic working knowledge base regarding the process that language learners go through to learn a second language. Fossilization, interlanguage il, target language tl, second language acquisition sla. On teaching strategies in second language acquisition. Second language acquisition course outline 20142015 module code. This volume, as a sequel to fossilization in adult second language acquisition by han 2004, brings together a collection of most recent theoretical and empirical studies on fossilization, a. Formal and informal linguistic environments in language acquisition and language learning 40 4.
Similarities between first and second language acquisition 2. Second language acquisition lourdes ortega understanding language series series editors. Lightbown and nina spada, how languages are learned, 3rd ed. In an easytoread, accessible style, it provides students with information about the scope of the field, but also provides background information on related areas such as first language acquisition. The study of native language influence in second language acquisition has undergone significant changes over the past few decades. Second language acquisition and second language learning cover. On may 10, 2011, students from professor zhaohong hans advanced second language acquisition sla class in spring 2011 had the honor of attending an invited seminar in which professor larry selinker, was the honorary speaker.
Mohammad hamad alkhresheh assistant professor of applied linguistics faculty of arts isra university abstract the role of first language l1. Fossilization in adult second language acquisition. A brief comparison page 2 of 2 think consciously about how to move the pieces. First published 2009 by hodder education published 20 by routledge 2 park square, milton park, abingdon, oxon. The center for advanced research on language acquisition. Krashen which has major implications for the teaching of writing in the first language. This approach might language learning theory and practice. Larry selinker interlanguage 1972 pdf an interlanguage is an idiolect that has been developed by a learner of a second language or interlanguage theory is often credited to larry selinker. Second language acquisition, it is the process of learning any language after the first language whether it is the second, third or fourth language. Second language acquisition presentation script slide 1.
Learner language varies much more than nativespeaker language. Much research in recent years has directly addressed the what, how, and why of transfer and fossilization, yet these are not unique to adult l2 learners, but can also be found in other. Second language acquisition sla refers to the study of how students learn a second language l2 additionally to their first language l1. Jan 27, 2019 larry selinker interlanguage 1972 pdf an interlanguage is an idiolect that has been developed by a learner of a second language or interlanguage theory is often credited to larry selinker. There is evidence to support the claim that second language acquisition sla is a complex adaptive system due to its inherent ability to adapt to different conditions pre sent in both internal and external environments. In this paper we focus on the role of automated speech recognition in second language acquisition research. Selinker 1969 indicates, significant in three respects. Pdf linguistic theory in second language acquisition pp 384403 cite as. Larry selinker is one of the original contributors to the research field of second language acquisition, having introduced the concepts interlanguage and fossilization and having conducted one of the first empirical studies in language transfer research in 1969. Interlanguage pragmatics is the study of the ways nonnative speakers acquire, comprehend, and use linguistic patterns or speech acts in a second language.
Language acquisition research and the interlanguaye teacher. Construction, administration, and processing of related interest gass input, interaction, and the second language learner gasssorace selinker second language learning data analysis, second edition gass selinker second language acquisition. The fourth edition of second language acquisition continues to lead the field in textbooks for generalist sla courses at the undergraduate and graduate level. Second language acquisition and second language learning. This knowledge base will be based on researchgrounded theories of second language acquisition. Prices do not include postage and handling if applicable. Language acquisition language is extremely complex, yet children already know most of the grammar of their native language s before they are five years old children acquire language without being taught the rules of grammar by their parents in part because parents dont consciously know the many of the rules of grammar. Dornyei questionnaires in second language research. Raymond hickey first and second language acquisition. Attitude and aptitude in second language acquisition and learning 19 3. Second language acquisition theories linkedin slideshare. Interlanguage is the type of language or linguistic system used by second and foreign language learners who are in the process of learning a target language.
She has conducted research in a wide variety of subareas of second language acquisition, including language transfer, language universals, second language research methods, and input and interaction. The role of the native language nl in a second language l2 context has been debated for over 2000 years. Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. Stephen krashens widely known and wellaccepted theory of second language acquisition, has had a large impact in all areas of second language research and teaching since the 1980s.
It retains slas comprehensive coverage of the field and its unique work with second language data samples while incorporating substantial uptodate additions. Individuals learning a second language may not always hear spoken l2 words as separate units. Developmental patterns in the interlanguage research antonija saric josip juraj strossmayer university of osijek, faculty of food technology osijek, kuhaceva 18, 3 osijek, croatia abstract interlanguage, defined as a dynamic language system created by the second language learners, can be studied. The redesigned fourth edition of second language acquisition retains the features that students found useful in the current edition but also provides new pedagogical tools that encourage students to reflect upon the experiences of second language learners. Second language learning in the zone of proximal development. Michael long examines second and third language acquisition, paying particul ar attention to how learning a second language improves a persons ability to learn additional languages.
Central to krashens theory of secondlanguage acquisition is his distinction between language acquisition and language learning, a distinc. Implication of il fossilization in second language acquisition eric. Selinker s most wellknown contribution to the field of second language acquisition is the concept of interlanguage. The role of the first language in second language acquisition 64 6. An analysis of written errors of turkish adult learners of english. Updating the interlanguage hypothesis studies in second. Five stages of second language acquisition by lcf teaching languages during childhood, the brain is more receptive to language learning than at any other time in a persons life and starting foreign or second language learning early sets the stage for a child to develop advanced levels of proficiency in one or more languages. We take a multidisciplinary approach in that what we have selected to present in this book represents research emanating from other wellestablished disciplines.
On routines and patterns in language acquisition and performance 83 8. Understanding second language acquisition lourdes ortega understanding language series series editors. Second language acquisition and linguistic theories. Gass, larry selinker the new and updated edition of this bestselling introductory textbook is a comprehensive overview of the field of second language acquisition. Second language acquisition 1 second language acquisition textbook the textbook is patsy m. Schedule session 1 second language acquisition and related disciplines session 2 early approaches to second language acquisition session 3 universal grammar and second language acquisition. Implications for the classroom the interlanguage theory, that assumes that an active and independent learning mind makes its own generalizations upon grappling with a new language, argues that the errors that a learner makes in the rules of the. To my parents, sol and miriam selinker, who inspired me deeply and. Develop an understand of how language is acquired as a. Second language transfer during third language acquisition. For selinker acquiring a second language is different from acquiring a first language, so there is no child language but interlanguage as the original mechanism for learning lateralization. The neurological correlates of language acquisition. The topic for this training session is second language acquisition. Comparing and contrasting first and second language.
The royal commission at yanbu sector of colleges and. Second language learning errors their types, causes, and treatment hanna y. Selinker s 1972 interlanguage proposal lies at the heart of linguistic approaches to adult second language acquisition, especially subsumed under the theory of universal grammar. This course provides an overview of key approaches and current trends of second language acquisition sla, focusing particularly on how languages are learned, and how languages may be taught. Introduction the goal of this chapter is to examine the claims that second language l2 learners acquire knowledge of a l2 in a fixed order in stark contrast to behaviorist accounts of sla. The acquisition learning hypothesis according to krashen, there are two ways of developing language ability. Therefore, any other language apart from the first language is called a second language sl or also referred to as a target language tl. Variability in learner language distinguishes between free variation, which has not been shown to be systematically related to accompanying linguistic or social features, and systematic variation, which has. Human cognition in acquisition researchers believe that developmental sequences in second language acquisition result from cognitive processes in the human brain. Methods to predict the acquisition of both syntactic and morphological features are suggested, along with an empiricallybased method to guide explicit. Pdf second language acquisition an introductory course.
Implications for applied linguisticsintroduction to the special issue nick c. As developed today, second language acquisition theory can be viewed as a part of theoretical linguistics, i. We want to understand it, its origins, structure, functions, use, acquisition, instruction, and change. Developmental patterns in the interlanguage research. When learning a second language means losing the first. New chapters cover child language acquisition first and second, universal grammar, and instructed language learning. According to the former, there must be a second language l2 device which would be held responsible for second language acquisition sla. The interlanguage rules are claimed to be shaped by several factors, including l1transfer, previous learning strategies, strategies of l2 acquisition i. Second language acquisition theories behind every teaching approach is some kind of a theory of language learning acquisition second language acquisition theories are intrinsically related to a wide variety of disciplines such as applied linguistics, sociolinguistics, psychology, neurology, and education. She is the authoreditor of numerous books, has served as the president of the american association for. Furthermore, selinker proposed that interlanguage is based on three basic principles. Second language acquisition a new look at the implications of krashen.
Based on this understanding, widely discussed second language theo. Selinker 2001 provide classic overviews of the theories and findings, with a focus. Second language acquisition now in a fourth edition, this bestselling. On may 10, 2011, students from professor zhaohong hans advanced second language acquisition sla class in spring 2011 had the honor of attending an invited seminar in which professor larry selinker, was the. Second language acquisition an introductory course taylor. Implication of il fossilization in second language acquisition.
Discuss the available recourses for second language acquisition and whether second language acquisition is acquired. Functional analysis in the study of second language acquisition. Interlanguage and the natural route of report second. Second language transfer during third language acquisition 4 like forms, and address neither the potentially facilitative role of the native language nor other l1 effects that are not productionrelated such as the development of comprehension ability or differences in length of time needed for target language acquisition. This book, which includes 12 chapters by distinguished researchers in the field of second language acquisition, traces the conceptual history of language transfer from its early role within a contrastive analysis framework to its. Ellis and diane larsenfreeman university of michigan we share an interest in language. Language acquisition language is extremely complex, yet children already know most of the grammar of their native languages before they are five years old children acquire language without being taught the rules of grammar by their parents in part because parents dont consciously know the many of the rules of grammar. This emphasized the importance of environmental factors and first language. Selinker s paper only mentioned corders in passing, but it nevertheless advanced his basic argument. Input not only plays a role in models of second language acquisition, such as gasss 1988 gasss, 20 and leows 2015leows, 2019 as discussed in section 2. Second language acquisition naturalistic, instructed, or both has long been a common activity for a majority of the human species and is becoming ever more vital as second. Language transfer, transfer of training, strategies of second language learning, strategies of second language communication, and overgeneralization of tl linguistic material. An introductory course 4th edition is an introduction to a variety of topics, theories, studies, and models in sla. Acquisition involves the subconscious acceptance of knowledge where information is stored in the brain through the use of communication.
Selinker adopts lennebergs claim of the existence of a latent language structure which contains the universal grammar ug and is both innate and constrained by maturity. The effects of achievement level and response mode in programmed instruction on foreign language learning. In this article, major types of errors in second language learning are first briefly mentioned. An important consideration for han is the modular nature of second language acquisition, which appears not only as multiple critical periods sensitive periods for various language linguistic domains, but the differing influences of various l1s for l2 acquisition, so that success and failure coexist in any given interlanguage. He first introduced interlanguage in his 1972 paper of the same name, which built on pit corders 1967 article the significance of learners errors.
As such it deals with the ways in which second languages are learned. As with previous editions, discussion questions and problems at the end of each chapter. He is particularly interested in sla of arabic, farsi, korean, and russian. Although it is referred as second language acquisition, it is the process of learning any language after the first language whether it is the second, third or fourth language. Research methods in second language acquisition sla are used to address questions about sla processes, developmental sequences, conditions, contexts, and outcomes, and to identify their linguistic, social, cultural, and cognitive characteristics.
Of course, not all learner language is produced in an electronic format, and so a. The authors retain the multidisciplinary approach that presents research from linguistics, sociology, psychology, and education, in a format designed for use in an introductory course. The new and updated edition of this bestselling introductory textbook is a comprehensive overview of the field of second language acquisition. Pdf second language acquisition an introductory course 4th. Second language acquisition university of hong kong. To study the psychological processes involved one can compare the interlanguage utterances of the learner with two things. Download book pdf linguistic theory in second language acquisition pp 384403 cite as. This article may require cleanup to meet wikipedias quality standards. Second language acquisition is driven by essentially the same set. Understanding second language acquisition proud father.
Stephen krashens theory of second language acquisition consists of five main hypotheses. Second language acquisition an introductory course 4th. First and foremost is larry selinker, who coauthored the first three editions with me. This work is a revised edition of the text first published in 1994. An unconscious activity, apart from language, acquired in childhood would, for instance, be the ability to ride a bicycle.
1003 972 1076 1045 875 31 941 292 670 1525 1242 552 768 332 1201 85 1541 397 410 1363 1053 642 984 1420 433 105 80 691 1323 15 1350 893 825 1116 607 561 1108 1113 1497 1270 469 1124 1367